中國終止續簽ECFA台灣經濟會雪崩? 網一 - 股票

By Olivia
at 2020-01-21T08:58
at 2020-01-21T08:58
Table of Contents
1.原文連結: https://forum.ettoday.net/news/1494143#ixzz6BccXmEru
2.原文內容:羅慶生/檢視ECFA十年大限將到期
2020年01月20日 10:55 ETtoday新聞雲
●羅慶生/台灣國際戰略學會執行長
因為對南韓處理二戰舊案的不滿,日本政府宣布對南韓實施氟聚醯亞胺、光阻劑及氟化氫
等電子化工原料的出口管制,南韓科技業因而面臨斷供危機。雖然這不是第一次大國為達
到特定政治目的而管制出口,但卻是川普發動貿易戰、科技戰以來,另一個科技大國有樣
學樣,也運用貿易工具處理非貿易議題的案例。
新型態經貿戰爭
以往貿易之所以不易成為大國的權力工具,是因為在美國支持下,世界貿易組織(WTO)
維持著國際貿易秩序,操作貿易工具將遭到其他大國的聯合制裁。但川普打開了這個潘朵
拉盒子,使制裁的道德高度喪失,也使WTO難以著力。這次日本對南韓原物料的限供,美
國避免介入,即意味著貿易工具的操作空間擴展。從實踐來看,這種新型態的經貿戰爭,
甚至有可能取代軍事,而成為政治施壓的主要工具。
因此,日韓貿易戰對台灣是個警訊;獲得M1A2T戰車或F-16V戰機的安全感可能只是假象,
從經貿安全角度,台灣其實非常脆弱。
當前新型態的經貿戰爭主要是針對生產與銷售兩端,或者是切斷高科技產品的供應鏈讓生
產難以持續,亦或是徵收高關稅以打擊對手銷售。前者需要具有壟斷地位的原材料優勢,
例如大陸的稀土、美國的晶片或日本的精密化工原料,後者則需擁有廣大市場。台灣雖然
在全球供應鏈上地位舉足輕重,但這兩項優勢都沒有。
台灣的優勢是製造,透過進口加工或代工出口提高附加價值以創造財富。這使台灣成為典
型的貿易國家,2018年出口在GDP占比高達66.75%,進口56.31%。這種淺碟經濟對新型態
經貿戰爭幾乎完全沒有抵抗力,一旦貿易受限,台灣經濟就將陷入立即衰退的危機。
雖然在貿易戰威脅下,大陸電子組裝產能外移,台灣零組件出口也隨之轉移,今年1至5月
台灣對大陸(含香港)出口因而下降9.9%;但大陸還是台灣最大的貿易夥伴,出口占比仍
高達38.6%。這表示大陸如果對台灣提高關稅,將有超過1/3的出口廠商須考慮外移,否則
喪失大陸市場的競爭力。這在大陸維持惠台政策時自然不會,但台灣若在中美戰略競爭中
選邊美國,則即便大陸不報復,也無需繼續給台灣貿易優惠。
台灣經貿受衝擊
這指的是ECFA早收清單的免稅。當年反對ECFA的質疑,如大陸廉價農漁產品將充斥本地,
以及台商赴大陸設廠掏空台灣等,都並未出現;反而是台灣高價農漁產品得以免稅銷往大
陸,並以大量出超受惠。2018年台灣對大陸出超金額高達831.5億美金,而國民總生產也
不過6014億美金。
依據WTO規定,ECFA早收轉為FTA有10年大限,將於1年多後到期,而台灣對《兩岸貨貿協
議》與《兩岸服貿協議》卻遲遲不推,大陸有正當理由終止ECFA。若此,包括農、漁產品
在內的539項商品免稅優惠就將取消,衝擊台灣經貿的嚴重性可想而知。
台灣是貿易孤兒,僅與巴拿馬、瓜地馬拉等6個貿易小國簽FTA或經濟合作協議,今年1到5
月對新南向18國也僅出超61.7億美金,貿易利益主要仍來自大陸。當年高調反對ECFA,支
持太陽花反服貿運動的蔡政府,要致力維持ECFA早收確實有些尷尬。然而,台灣經貿安全
如此脆弱,政府卻一再以「撿到槍」概念操作「親美抗中」,令人憂心是否過頭。從日韓
貿易戰的啟示,屆時國人要擔心將不是軍事武力,而是貿易制裁。
3.心得/評論:假設會跟美國簽FTA,為什麼快四年過去,還是沒簽?
現在ECFA早收清單要到期,就看著辦,讓台灣農漁產品賣到美國去吧!
--
2.原文內容:羅慶生/檢視ECFA十年大限將到期
2020年01月20日 10:55 ETtoday新聞雲
●羅慶生/台灣國際戰略學會執行長
因為對南韓處理二戰舊案的不滿,日本政府宣布對南韓實施氟聚醯亞胺、光阻劑及氟化氫
等電子化工原料的出口管制,南韓科技業因而面臨斷供危機。雖然這不是第一次大國為達
到特定政治目的而管制出口,但卻是川普發動貿易戰、科技戰以來,另一個科技大國有樣
學樣,也運用貿易工具處理非貿易議題的案例。
新型態經貿戰爭
以往貿易之所以不易成為大國的權力工具,是因為在美國支持下,世界貿易組織(WTO)
維持著國際貿易秩序,操作貿易工具將遭到其他大國的聯合制裁。但川普打開了這個潘朵
拉盒子,使制裁的道德高度喪失,也使WTO難以著力。這次日本對南韓原物料的限供,美
國避免介入,即意味著貿易工具的操作空間擴展。從實踐來看,這種新型態的經貿戰爭,
甚至有可能取代軍事,而成為政治施壓的主要工具。
因此,日韓貿易戰對台灣是個警訊;獲得M1A2T戰車或F-16V戰機的安全感可能只是假象,
從經貿安全角度,台灣其實非常脆弱。
當前新型態的經貿戰爭主要是針對生產與銷售兩端,或者是切斷高科技產品的供應鏈讓生
產難以持續,亦或是徵收高關稅以打擊對手銷售。前者需要具有壟斷地位的原材料優勢,
例如大陸的稀土、美國的晶片或日本的精密化工原料,後者則需擁有廣大市場。台灣雖然
在全球供應鏈上地位舉足輕重,但這兩項優勢都沒有。
台灣的優勢是製造,透過進口加工或代工出口提高附加價值以創造財富。這使台灣成為典
型的貿易國家,2018年出口在GDP占比高達66.75%,進口56.31%。這種淺碟經濟對新型態
經貿戰爭幾乎完全沒有抵抗力,一旦貿易受限,台灣經濟就將陷入立即衰退的危機。
雖然在貿易戰威脅下,大陸電子組裝產能外移,台灣零組件出口也隨之轉移,今年1至5月
台灣對大陸(含香港)出口因而下降9.9%;但大陸還是台灣最大的貿易夥伴,出口占比仍
高達38.6%。這表示大陸如果對台灣提高關稅,將有超過1/3的出口廠商須考慮外移,否則
喪失大陸市場的競爭力。這在大陸維持惠台政策時自然不會,但台灣若在中美戰略競爭中
選邊美國,則即便大陸不報復,也無需繼續給台灣貿易優惠。
台灣經貿受衝擊
這指的是ECFA早收清單的免稅。當年反對ECFA的質疑,如大陸廉價農漁產品將充斥本地,
以及台商赴大陸設廠掏空台灣等,都並未出現;反而是台灣高價農漁產品得以免稅銷往大
陸,並以大量出超受惠。2018年台灣對大陸出超金額高達831.5億美金,而國民總生產也
不過6014億美金。
依據WTO規定,ECFA早收轉為FTA有10年大限,將於1年多後到期,而台灣對《兩岸貨貿協
議》與《兩岸服貿協議》卻遲遲不推,大陸有正當理由終止ECFA。若此,包括農、漁產品
在內的539項商品免稅優惠就將取消,衝擊台灣經貿的嚴重性可想而知。
台灣是貿易孤兒,僅與巴拿馬、瓜地馬拉等6個貿易小國簽FTA或經濟合作協議,今年1到5
月對新南向18國也僅出超61.7億美金,貿易利益主要仍來自大陸。當年高調反對ECFA,支
持太陽花反服貿運動的蔡政府,要致力維持ECFA早收確實有些尷尬。然而,台灣經貿安全
如此脆弱,政府卻一再以「撿到槍」概念操作「親美抗中」,令人憂心是否過頭。從日韓
貿易戰的啟示,屆時國人要擔心將不是軍事武力,而是貿易制裁。
3.心得/評論:假設會跟美國簽FTA,為什麼快四年過去,還是沒簽?
現在ECFA早收清單要到期,就看著辦,讓台灣農漁產品賣到美國去吧!
--
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